Over 80 percent of Twitter users access the platform on their mobile phones. Many of them also try to contact companies this way, especially to resolve problems that require a fast solution. Most transportation providers in Great Britain, like train operators and airlines, use Twitter as a professional service channel and direct passengers to contact them there. The companies promise their customers advantages such as real-time timetable updates and customer support, often on a 24/7 basis. Ursula Lutzky from WU’s Institute for English Business Communication studies communication in blogs and microblogs and investigates how language use has adapted to the online context. Her current research focuses not only on the topics that customers discuss on Twitter, but also on the linguistic constructions used and how the interaction evolves. Her results should help companies learn to better understand their customers and improve communication in the future. To this end, Lutzky studied, for instance, customers’ reactions to companies’ answers, using computer-based language analysis.

Standardized response – error

The data for this project, collected over a period of several months, shows the extent to which British train operators use the medium of microblogs for customer communication. In August 2016 alone, tweets with a total of 4.5 million words were exchanged. “The fact that individual tweets are restricted to 140 characters does not appear to restrict the volume of communication,” says Lutzky. Her analysis focused on a corpus of over 18 million words, consisting of all tweets directed at British train operating companies and the corresponding answers. The results show that customers expect a reaction from companies and become angry when they fail to receive it. Especially on Twitter, customers expect fast answers to their inquiries, but speed isn’t everything. Whether or not a customer is satisfied with the response they’re given also depends on the linguistic quality of the message. While courtesy and appropriate expressive speech acts like apologies are important, the main deciding factor is the relevance of the response. This means that social media managers are expected to deal with individual inquiries on an individual basis, and not to send empty, standardized answers. Customer service staff have to be not just knowledgeable, but also in possession of excellent communication skills.

Room for improvement

“Based on Twitter’s wide reach, the level of daily use, and its public nature, it is of course crucial that companies respond to customer inquiries appropriately, especially to avoid the spreading of negative reactions and to protect their image,” says Lutzky. She continues, “Computer-based linguistic analyses of empirical data allow us to study words as used in their original contexts. This gives us better insights into customers’ linguistic expectations on Twitter, and companies can adjust their customer service accordingly.” While in Great Britain most train operating companies are already on board with Twitter-based customer service, this is not the case for Austrian firms, for example the Austrian train company ÖBB. Currently, the only customer service options offered on the ÖBB homepage are a phone number and an email contact form. The future will show if Austrian companies are on track for Twitter-based customer service too.