This unit focuses on the spatial (territorial and relational) dimensions of economic transformation (local innovation systems, green economy) and of social-ecological provisioning systems (transportation systems, supply chains, energy, housing, education, work). It explores the potential and need to transform local economies through avenues like innovation, land use policies, planning, and governance. It aims at predicting and evaluating the diverse impacts of such transformations using state-of-the-art modeling frameworks. As direct consequence of local variation in economic structure and of social-ecological provisioning, this unit emphasizes that effective urban and regional development strategies usually require place-based policy responses and context-sensitive forms of governance, often incorporating both bottom-up and top-down elements.