BAYSM 2014 – the second Bayesian Young Statisticians Meeting – took place at the WU in September 2014. Following this successful conference, Springer has recently published the corresponding book of proceedings. The volume comprises a peer-reviewed selection of young researchers’ contributions presented at BAYSM 2014. It is structured in the following way: The first part, entitled “Theory and Methods”, is dedicated to mathematical statistics, model building and methodological works, demonstrated by examples. The second part, entitled “Applications and Case Studies”, focuses on the applications of complex methods to real-world problems and data that can be found in a wide variety of disciplines such as Biology, Astronomy, Finance and Economics. The volume was edited by Sylvia Frühwirth-Schnatter, Angela Bitto, Gregor Kastner and Alexandra Posekany, members of the Institute for Statistics and Mathematics in the Department of Finance, Accounting and Statistics.